Lumber is one of the most important building materials used in many industries, including construction, furniture and packaging. They are made by processing wood, which includes sawing, drying and other processes to obtain the desired shape and size.
Main types of lumber
Lumber includes various types of wooden products, which are classified by their shape, size and processing method. The main types of lumber include:
- Boards:
- Flat: used for floors, walls and ceilings.
- Profiled: have special grooves and protrusions for ease of installation.
- Bars:
- Beveled: have straight edges, evenly beveled on all sides.
- Uncut: have raw or partially finished edges.
- Bars: used to create building frames, ceilings and other structures.
- Rails: thin, narrow slats used for various decorative and construction works.
- Plywood: A layered material made by gluing together several thin layers of wood.
- Veneer: thin sheets of wood used to cover furniture and panels.
Classification by processing method
Lumber is also classified by processing method and surface quality:
- Sawn lumber: have smooth edges that ensure ease of installation and processing.
- Untrimmed lumber: preserves the natural edges of the wood, which gives them a decorative look, but makes it difficult to use them in some structures.
- Sanded lumber: undergo additional processing to achieve a smooth surface.
Production of lumber
The lumber production process includes several main stages:
- Harvesting wood. This is the first stage at which trees are selected for further processing. It is important to take into account the age, condition and species of the tree.
- Spraying. After harvesting, the wood is sawn into boards, beams or rails according to the required dimensions. Sawing can be performed on different types of sawmills (band, circular).
- Drying. Freshly treated wood contains a large amount of moisture, which must be removed before use. Drying can occur naturally or in special drying chambers.
- Processing. At this stage, lumber undergoes additional processing, such as planing, milling, and grinding. This is done to achieve a smooth surface and accurate dimensions.
- Sorting and storage. The last stage includes sorting lumber by quality, size and purpose, after which they are stored in warehouses before being sent to customers.
Application of lumber
Lumber is widely used in various industries:
- Construction. They are used for the construction of building structures, formwork, flooring, cladding, and the manufacture of windows and doors.
- Furniture industry. Various types of furniture are made from lumber, including cabinets, tables, chairs, and beds.
- Packaging and packaging. Wooden boxes, pallets and other containers for transporting and storing products are often made of lumber.
- Decor and decoration. Lumber is used to create decorative elements, interior and exterior decoration, such as panels, moldings, plinths.
Lumber is an irreplaceable construction and production material due to its versatility, aesthetics and environmental friendliness. They are used in various industries, providing strength, reliability and beauty of structures and products. Production and use of lumber requires compliance with technological processes and standards, which ensures high quality of final products.